Some of the points that NEP (National Education Policy) of India should have.

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Interests are in programming, chemistry, statistics, molecular biology, evolution, psychology, ecology and politics

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Personalized learning goals: New information is built over reusing of previous information

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Some students perform better, while others not. What are the main reasons?

1) Study material provided and learning strategies used by teachers.It simply doesn't meet the learning criteria.
https://github.com/amiyatulu/teacher_resources
Students are feed with so much of abstract stuff as a result only those students excel who have a better memory retention capacity of abstract information and those who work too hard for it. But such a hard work is meaningless, as you will forget such information after exams are over.

2) Not teaching kids from where they are. 
I will explain it with a concrete example.

While teaching chemistry, one of my students was so fast in holding information and doing the problems, while other was slow. The reason for her/his slowness is not that he/she is less intelligent, it's because (s)he is taking more time for processing due to lack of previous foundational information. 

When (s)he does the processing, (s)he has to take the account of many kinds of st…
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Higher education must immediately stop obsolete blackboard teaching.

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Higher education must immediately stop obsolete blackboard teaching. Higher ed requires mentor and collaboration.


What is obsolete blackboard teaching?
[Lecturing is the] best way to get information from teacher’s notebook (mouth)
to student’s notebook without touching the student’s mind.                                                                                         — George Leonard Patterns for bad practices of teaching, what is done in higher education, even best colleges.
https://iambrainstorming.blogspot.in/2017/11/patterns-for-bad-practices-of-teaching.html



So, how this can be solved?
This is how colleges must run when there is the shortage of skilled teachers:
1) Give students compilation of pedagogically right content (such as videos, MOOCs, books, magazines etc.)
What it means to be pedagogically right content?
http://technoperiod.blogspot.in/2017/01/all-books-that-dont-meet-learning.html
How learning can be more personalized with a decentralized syllabus that takes accoun…
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All books that don't meet the learning criteria must be taken off

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Learning About Learning Resources
https://github.com/amiyatulu/teacher_resources

Textbook must cover six fundamental instructional strategies while presenting the information, defined by rigorous research.
1) Pairing graphics with words
2) Linking abstract concepts with concrete representations


Why we face difficulty to remember abstract concepts? http://technoperiod.blogspot.in/2017/03/why-we-face-difficulty-to-remember-non.html
3) Posing probing questions


4) Repeatedly alternating problems with their solutions provided and problems that students must solve.
5) Distributing practice
6) Assessing to boost retention

Detailed explanation of the strategies is given here, NCTQ learning about learning   https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8x9dkicaW23bFMyeS1WZ1NYT2c/view?usp=sharing
and http://www.learningscientists.org/



The problem with our education system:
Most (99%) books referred by our teachers (whether its schools or higher education), not even meet a single criterion, most importantly po…
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Why we face difficulty to remember non-concrete information?

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What are the functions of a brain?
Pattern recognition, interpretation and storing of information that we get from our sense organs
I would go with following steps to show that non-concrete information is the type of information that our brain is not trained for. The most requirement to remember abstract information is more recent when mathematics and different languages were invented.
The invention of writing that allowed storing information that we can't remember.
The human being invented abstract information like more than one language or mathematics which we are evolutionarily unfit to remember.
Are we evolutionary unfit to memorize abstract information? To prove it lets look the following experiment.
The brain is good at recognizing things in a span of seconds. For example, we change our path if there is a hindrance in front. But if you close your eyes, we will miss details of the hindrance.

Let's try to memorize this map in a span of seconds or minutes. Can you do it?
Memorizin…
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Experimental manipulation after tests using eSALT feedback from students

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Personalized pre and post test need to be conducted in the following manner with experimental manipulation:

While giving questions, each student needs to be asked for how easy or difficult the questions are.

Student Feedback for Questions Ease (eSALT):
1) Easy (E)
2) Safe (S)
3) Average (A)
4) Low (L)
5) Trouble (T)

 Also, some specific feedback that students want to comment on the question while answering. (e.g. Mistakes in questions, concept not taught in the class, or not understood, forgot the answers or specific part of answers like formula, unable to understand the question)




Teachers curation
1) Students making mistakes with Questions tagged Easy, Safe, Average comes under misconceptions which need to be dealt with. It can also be due to silly mistakes, if the mistakes are repetitive, it must be addressed.
2) Concepts of questions that are tagged with Low and Trouble (it doesn't matter whether student solved it correctly or not) should be explained again to the student. If a student…
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Importance of educational videos and solving its limitation by teachers assistance

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Many technologies have promised to revolutionize education, but so far none has. With that in mind, what could revolutionize education?


Why educational videos don't work?
1) Procrastination: Educational videos give freedom of anytime learning, but this can lead to procrastination. According to Parkinson's Law: "Work expands to fill the time available for its completion". But in case of video lectures or MOOCs there is no limit of time, so usually, we procrastinate. Limiting time to complete the MOOCs is also a bad idea, as it takes away its advantage of any time and anywhere learning.
2) Lack of a social interaction: We share emotions, feelings, discuss with the teacher, friends that come to our mind just like a true social animal and classroom brings a social two-way interaction, but it doesn't happen in case of MOOCs.
3) Answerability: No one is there to keep you accountable for finishing the course, no outward push, everything lies with intrinsic motivation or …
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Probability distribution of marks should not be normal.

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What type of variable is the mark, discrete or continuous?
Marks is a discrete random variable that has a finite number of values or a countable number of values.

A continuous random variable has infinitely many values, and those values can be associated with measurements on a continuous scale in such a way that there are no gaps or interruptions.

Requirements for a Probability Distribution
1. ΣP(x) = 1 where x assumes all possible values of marks
2. 0 ≤ P(x) ≤ 1 for every individual value of x

For example, 2000 students gave exams with full marks of 10, the probability distribution of marks to have a normal like curve will have following frequency distribution given in the table.


Marks xFrequency fProbability P(X=x)040.0021230.01152990.049532270.113543990.199554970.248563900.19572510.12558840.0429220.0111040.002



import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import random import numpy as np from collections import Counter, OrderedDict fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1) od = OrderedDict([(0.0, 4), (1.0, 23…
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If all scientific discovery relies on peer review for validation, why not assessment be done through peer review?

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All scientific discovery relies on peer review for validation,
Why not the assessment of schools and colleges be done through peer review?




Peer Review definition:
evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field.

In case of open peer review, the reviewer reports are published which can again go through auditing.

Benefits of open peer review:
1) Feedback to the students
After a test, feedback to the student becomes a crucial part of their learning. Feedback can be in many forms such as detailed corrections of the answers, making their misconceptions corrected for a particular concept, identifying their specific problems and asking them to take necessary steps to improve.
2) Time-saving of teachers
As this can be done in a collaborative manner, it will give freedom to any teacher from the respective subjects to annotate the assessments, the burden is no more to the individual teacher, it will be shared among the country or world. The burden of ev…
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Comparative analysis of openstax biology and ncert biology

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The sequence of chapters:
Openstax biology:

In openstax biology, chapters are arranged based on increasing biological complexity. The second chapter is about atoms, molecules, water, and carbons. It gives applied techniques about how biology is being done, for example, carbon dating, molecular interactions that take place in lifeforms and why, how it takes place, its describes all the basics at the atomic and molecular level, and also talks about environmental conditions of life forms such as pH. At the end of the chapter, it says about Carbon, and why it's important for life. Next chapter is about Biological Macromolecules (increasing complexity from atoms to long polymers), then cell structure and other chapters about functioning.

Evolution is taught before the five kingdom classification. Why? Because classification is completely phylogenetically linked. You have to understand evolution, in order to understand classification. Classification is also written with linking evolution…
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Explaining true experiment to a 13-year-old

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Let's start with a Twitter Joke:
Conversation over breakfast.
ME: Whoa, you lost another tooth?
A: Yes!
ME: Why didn't you tell me?
A: I'm conducting an experiment. If I lose a tooth and don't tell anyone, will the tooth fairy still come? If not, then I know the tooth fairy isn't real.
ME: ...
HUSBAND: 😮

A small introduction to true experiments True experiments involve changing one variable and then measuring another. A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types.

The two main variables in an experiment are the independent and dependent variable.

An independent variable is a variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable.

A dependent variable is a variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.

Independent variable: Cause
Dependent variable: Effect
The researcher is looking for the possible effect on the dependent variable that might be caused by c…
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