Why India requires an archive for research articles to promote research and development?

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Through Digital India initiative, India should consider a repository for research articles. This will promote permanent preservation of research articles.

India should promote research and experimentation is all fields, whether law reviews, science, economics, arts, and commerce, psychology, sports, Ayurveda, yoga, entertainment, music etc.

Students should be encouraged to design experiments and test the results and write articles in every field.

Higher education should be research based, where students have to produce genuine, original, quality articles. We should rethink our traditional exam oriented methods of education and allow students to explore with freedom rather than just learning the subjects for the exam.

Let student analyze, think critically and try to bring the solution to a problem. Why give them the burden of exams? Without freedom, one cannot search, scrutinize, inquire things. Give them freedom in what they are interested in. Let them score O in some subjects and B in others. Why force them to score best in everything and give them a lot of burdens? A student who scores O in some subjects and B in others is more disciplined and focused. Why we always hunt for the genius who should be good at everything.

We should reward students for bringing solutions rather than securing marks or preparing for exams.
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Personalized learning goals: New information is built over reusing of previous information

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Some students perform better, while others not. What are the main reasons?

1) Study material provided and learning strategies used by teachers.It simply doesn't meet the learning criteria. Students are feed with so much of abstract stuff as a result only those students excel who have a better memory retention capacity of abstract information and those who work too hard for it. But such a hard work is meaningless, as you will forget such information after exams are over.

2) Not teaching kids from where they are. 
I will explain it with a concrete example.

While teaching chemistry, one of my students was so fast in holding information and doing the problems, while other was slow. The reason for her/his slowness is not that he/she is less intelligent, it's because (s)he is taking more time for processing due to lack of previous foundational information. 

When (s)he does the processing, (s)he has to take the account of many kinds of stuff that (s)he has not learned before. For exa…
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All books that don't meet the learning criteria must be taken off

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Textbook must cover six fundamental instructional strategies while presenting the information, defined by rigorous research.

1) Pairing graphics with words
2) Linking abstract concepts with concrete representations


Why we face difficulty to remember abstract concepts? http://technoperiod.blogspot.in/2017/03/why-we-face-difficulty-to-remember-non.html
3) Posing probing questions


4) Repeatedly alternating problems with their solutions provided and problems that students must solve.
5) Distributing practice
6) Assessing to boost retention

Detailed explanation of the strategies is given here, NCTQ learning about learning   https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8x9dkicaW23bFMyeS1WZ1NYT2c/view?usp=sharing
and http://www.learningscientists.org/



The problem with our education system:
Most (99%) books referred by our teachers (whether its schools or higher education), not even meet a single criterion, most importantly posing probing questions and linking abstract concepts with concrete representatio…
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Why we face difficulty to remember non-concrete information?

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What are the functions of a brain?
Pattern recognition, interpretation and storing of information that we get from our sense organs
I would go with following steps to show that non-concrete information is the type of information that our brain is not trained for. The most requirement to remember abstract information is more recent when mathematics and different languages were invented.
The invention of writing that allowed storing information that we can't remember.
The human being invented abstract information like more than one language or mathematics which we are evolutionarily unfit to remember.
Are we evolutionary unfit to memorize abstract information? To prove it lets look the following experiment.
The brain is good at recognizing things in a span of seconds. For example, we change our path if there is a hindrance in front. But if you close your eyes, we will miss details of the hindrance.

Let's try to memorize this map in a span of seconds or minutes. Can you do it?
Memorizin…
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CBSE and other boards, All about rote memorization of abstract information

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Most questions of CBSE 12th board, all requires rote memorization of abstract information that adds no understanding to the subject.

 Let us analyze the style of question in CBSE:

This is the question from book Nivaldo J Tro:

The question gives some background knowledge,  structures are already given and the question really tests your understanding, not how much you have memorized.




Answer:  Option Vitamin C and Vitamin B5 are water soluble as it contains many polar groups and others have large nonpolar groups (Vit K3 and Vit A) so its fat soluble.



What type of questions you will expect in CBSE?
Name the water soluble vitamins and fat soluble vitamins?
or Something like is Vitamin C water soluble? (The structure of Vitamin C will not be given)
How are vitamins classified? Name the vitamin which is fat soluble.

"All these questions require rote memorization of vitamins:" Fat soluble vitamins are A D E and K
Water soluble vitamins are Vitamin B

So, just rote memorization is enough, yo…
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Producing a better secure electoral voting system

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Here is the complete procedure to make a secure voting system.

We require a unique key for every voter.

The unique key is generated by using:
1) Public Key: Voter Id or Adhaar Number
2) Private key: A random key (6-8 character alphanumeric key) from mind, at the time of voting
3) Vote symbol




A read-only machine generates a unique key using the cryptographic function on the public key, private key and vote symbol.

Then ballot paper is printed from the machine that has the unique key.

The voter casts its vote in the ballot paper.

The votes in ballot paper are counted using a machine and also the scan of the ballot paper is uploaded on the website after results are declared.
Machine learning has become so powerful that it can count the vote without any error.

When the result is declared the public can check whether that ballot paper (that has the unique key) exists on the website with the correct voting symbol. The voter can authenticate that his/her vote has been counted.


Merits:
1) Com…
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What are the problems with grades?

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The problem with grades:

1) Grades are an oversimplification of achievements that say very little about it. They are just numbers which say nothing about what you know or about your working skills.
2) Grades are often biased and are done based upon the context of questions. Sometimes questions are not well made, most often they are just repeats of previous year questions. Because of this they really don't check the critical high order thinking of the children.
3) Malpractice. It is also rampant in our education system.
4) Too much of psychological pressure from parents, teachers to score more, that leads them to depression and sometimes even they take drastic steps like suicide.
5)Grades shift the goal from learning to just marks, which can be achieved by many many means with our inefficient education system.

6) No grades are given for effort, grades are given only for solving hypothetical book problems.
I have seen many students struggling in our education system, trying too hard…
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Country needs an independent news analysis institution to provide feedback to media

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How to analyze news and what shall be the criteria?

Are the information provided backed by the evidence?


Do they site down the evidence in the news?
Do evidence are from reliable sources with rigorous testing?
Does the news show one-sided or biased views without looking at all angles?
Is the information provided is an opinion/belief/viewpoint or hypothesis or scientific theory?


 Opinion: a view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge.
Does the hypothesis/claim is well tested and is statistically significant to draw the conclusion?





Is media promoting pseudoscience?


Does the discussion done come under any of the logical fallacy?

For more detailed explanation of logical fallacy with examples is given in

Important details for Evaluating a News Article:


Line by line scripts of news taking context into consideration must be analyzed along with bulk analysis by data scientists.

The independent institute should open source the analysis to public so that it …
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Experimental manipulation after tests using eSALT feedback from students

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Personalized pre and post test need to be conducted in the following manner with experimental manipulation:

While giving questions, each student needs to be asked for how easy or difficult the questions are.

Student Feedback for Questions Ease (eSALT):
1) Easy (E)
2) Safe (S)
3) Average (A)
4) Low (L)
5) Trouble (T)

 Also, some specific feedback that students want to comment on the question while answering. (e.g. Mistakes in questions, concept not taught in the class, or not understood, forgot the answers or specific part of answers like formula, unable to understand the question)




Teachers curation
1) Students making mistakes with Questions tagged Easy, Safe, Average comes under misconceptions which need to be dealt with. It can also be due to silly mistakes, if the mistakes are repetitive, it must be addressed.
2) Concepts of questions that are tagged with Low and Trouble (it doesn't matter whether student solved it correctly or not) should be explained again to the student. If a student…
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Probability distribution of marks should not be normal.

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What type of variable is the mark, discrete or continuous?
Marks is a discrete random variable that has a finite number of values or a countable number of values.

A continuous random variable has infinitely many values, and those values can be associated with measurements on a continuous scale in such a way that there are no gaps or interruptions.

Requirements for a Probability Distribution
1. ΣP(x) = 1 where x assumes all possible values of marks
2. 0 ≤ P(x) ≤ 1 for every individual value of x

For example, 2000 students gave exams with full marks of 10, the probability distribution of marks to have a normal like curve will have following frequency distribution given in the table.


Marks xFrequency fProbability P(X=x)040.0021230.01152990.049532270.113543990.199554970.248563900.19572510.12558840.0429220.0111040.002



import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import random import numpy as np from collections import Counter, OrderedDict fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1) od = OrderedDict([(0.0, 4), (1.0, 23…
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In the age of the internet, what to memorize and what not?

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There is a heated discussion about why remember facts when all information is at fingertips (through the internet)?.
So first look at dictionary what a fact is?
The first definition that comes up is this:
A thing that is known or proved to be true.

Ok, but most things we study in our education are facts.
Earth revolves around the sun is a fact.
New Delhi is the capital of India is a fact.
Hitler born on dated 20 April 1889 is a fact.
Independence day of India is 15th August is a fact.

Out of these, first two and last one, I needn't have to search the internet,  because these facts are very important to me as I live in India, and I am from Earth (Lol). I searched the internet to find out when Hilter was born because his date of birth was irrelevant for me till now. Maybe I will forget his date of birth after one day because it will not come to any use to me later.

So, some facts are very important to memorize while others are not.  Then what to memorize and what not? In the age of t…
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